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Structured Scientific Abstract Guide

Please name your file as:
Please name your file as:
LastName_FirstName_SchoolName_Abstract (word file format only)
Example: Smith_John_DawsonHS_Abstract.docx
Use underscores (_) instead of spaces.”

A scientific abstract is a self-contained summary of a research article, up to 300 words.
A structured abstract includes labeled sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Conclusion.

Introduction: Background and purpose of the study.
Methods: What was done.
Results: What was found.
Conclusion: Interpretation and broader impact.

Write clearly, accurately, and concisely. Use present tense for general statements,
past tense for methods/results, and future tense if applicable.

Each student should also include:
- Profile description with your name, grade, your school, about yourself, and your hobby.
- Your profile photo to be included in the abstract book

References:

1.     Harbourt AM, Knecht LS, Humphreys BL. Structured abstracts in MEDLINE, 1989-1991. Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1995 Apr;83(2):190-5. PMID: 7599584; PMCID: PMC226026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7599584/

2.     Structured Abstracts by National Library of Medicine Pubmed Resources: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/policy/structured_abstracts.html

3.     Effective Writing by Nature Education: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/effective-writing-13815989/

4.     Example: Huang S, Li Y, Chen Y, Podsypanina K, Chamorro M, Olshen AB, Desai KV, Tann A, Petersen D, Green JE, Varmus HE. Changes in gene expression during the development of mammary tumors in MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice. Genome Biol. 2005;6(10):R84. doi: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-10-r84. Epub 2005 Sep 30. PMID: 16207355; PMCID: PMC1257467.

 Genome Biol . 2005;6(10):R84. doi: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-10-r84. PMID: 16207355; PMCID: PMC1257467.

Changes in gene expression during the development of mammary tumors in MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice

Shixia Huang, Yi Li, Yidong Chen, Katrina Podsypanina, Mario Chamorro, Adam B Olshen, Kartiki V Desai, Anne Tann, David Petersen, Jeffrey E Green, Harold E Varmus

Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA; Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA

Abstract

Background: In human breast cancer normal mammary cells typically develop into hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive cancer, and metastasis. The changes in gene expression associated with this stepwise progression are unclear. Mice transgenic for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 exhibit discrete steps of mammary tumorigenesis, including hyperplasia, invasive ductal carcinoma, and distant metastasis. These mice might therefore be useful models for discovering changes in gene expression during cancer development.

Methods: We used cDNA microarrays to determine the expression profiles of five normal mammary glands, seven hyperplastic mammary glands and 23 mammary tumors from MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice, and 12 mammary tumors from MMTV-Neu transgenic mice. Adipose tissues were used to control for fat cells in the vicinity of the mammary glands.

Results:  In these analyses, we found that the progression of normal virgin mammary glands to hyperplastic tissues and to mammary tumors is accompanied by differences in the expression of several hundred genes at each step. Some of these differences appear to be unique to the effects of Wnt signaling; others seem to be common to tumors induced by both Neu and Wnt-1 oncogenes.

Conclusion: We described gene-expression patterns associated with breast-cancer development in mice, and identified genes that may be significant targets for oncogenic events. The expression data developed provide a resource for illuminating the molecular mechanisms involved in breast cancer development, especially through the identification of genes that are critical in cancer initiation and progression.